I’m concerned about a child’s situation. Should I make a
child protection notification?
You can make a child protection notification if you notice or
learn of a situation involving a need for a child to receive care
or treatment, and which the need for child protection should be
investigated. Your concern may also be to do with circumstances or
behaviour on the part of the child that endanger his/her
development.
The starting point is your own estimation of the relevance of
investigating the need for child protection. As a rule, a
notification can be made without breaching confidentiality
obligations. Many official authorities are bound by law to make
notifications if they perceive a need for children to receive child
protection.
The notification is made to the responsible organ of the municipal
social welfare office. A notification can be made by phone, in
writing or by visiting the social welfare office in person.
Notifications can also be made anonymously.
Basic facts about child care, access and residence
If a child is born to parents who are married, they are both the
child’s guardians. If parents are unmarried when a child is born,
the mother is the child’s guardian.
The parents can agree that the care of the child will be entrusted
to both parents. They can also agree that the child will live with
one parent, that the care of the child will be entrusted to one
parent, and that the parent with whom the child does not live can
meet the child.
There must be a written agreement on the care of the child and
rights of access, and this must be presented for verification to a
representative of the social welfare office in the locality where
the child lives. In municipalities these duties are carried out by
a children’s supervisor or a social worker.
A court may also decide on an application concerning the care,
rights of access and residence of a child. A court order is needed
if there is no consensus between the parents about the care of the
child, if this care is proposed is other than with the parents or
with other people, or if it is limited to specified care duties.
In situations in which the parents of a child or other individuals
do not comply with the agreement or court order concerning the care
of the child, right of access or residence, a decision is needed on
means of enforcement. Jurisdiction in these situations lies with
the district court of the place of residence or domicile of the
child or the opposing party. The district court can decide on the
enforcement of the decision or court order or on executive
assistance.
The implementation of decisions concerning the care of a child can
be sought from the bailiff of the child’s place of residence or
domicile, if at least three months have elapsed since the care
decision was granted.
The Child Custody and Right of Access Act 361/1983 (in English)
and the Child Custody and Right of Access Act 619/1996 (not
available in English) see www.finlex.fi
Where can parents facing difficult situations seek
counselling?
Parents facing difficult situations in life can discuss their
situation confidentially with, for example, the Mannerheim League
for Child Welfare, either online or by phone.
You can write to:
http://vanhemmat.mll.fi/vpn/netti.php?dir=/vpn/netti. Messages are
answered with two weeks.
A phone helpline for parents is available on 0600 12277, from
Tuesdays 14.00-20.00, and Sundays 17.00-20.00. Calls cost 0.08€ a
minute.
The Mannerheim League for Child Welfare runs a phone line for
children and young people to discuss their worries and concerns
(tel: 0800 120 400). Further information in Finnish) from
http://www.mll.fi/nuortennetti/apua/
Where can I inform about dubious internet material
You can inform internet service providers about inappropriate
material you encounter on the web. You can also send a tip-off to
the service provided by Save the Children Finland. See
http://www.pelastakaalapset.fi/nettivihje/fi/nettivihje/nettivihje/lahetavihje.
You can also inform the police about illegal internet content, or
content that refers to illegal material:
vihje.internet@krp.poliisi.fi.
During early weekday evenings and during the daytime at
weekends there are programmes on television with contents that are
harmful to children. I have limited my child's television time, but
the situation concerns me. What can the Ombudsman for Children
do?
The Ombudsman for Children cannot influence the scheduling of
programmes, but she can try to influence the general principles
that TV channels comply with and the sphere of legislation so that
children have the right to a safe growing environment. According to
the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, children are entitled
to be protected from material in the media that is inappropriate
and harmful with respect to their age and level of development.
At the moment there is underway a legal project on how K15
and K18 rated programmes can be prevented from being put on the
internet. At the same time, the slots and regulations of pictorial
programmes more broadly is being considered.
According to law, the Finnish Communications Regulatory Authority
supervises the activity of television channels. The laws on
television and radio operations define programmes that are
inappropriate for children, which because of their violent, sexual
or horrific content, or for other reasons, may be harmful to
children's development.
These programmes must be broadcast at times when children do not
usually watch television. According to law, announcements must be
made before programmes are broadcast about content harmful to
children or there must be a rating visible throughout the
broadcast.
According to an agreement between the national TV channels,
programmes with content harmful to under 11 year-olds are to be
presented after 17.00, under 15 year-olds after 21.99 and under 18
year-olds after 23.00
These times do not however in all respects concern weekends. The
agreement between the TV channels states that at weekends parents ‘
restrict' children, and so time limits are not needed in the same
way. In the view of the Ombudsman for Children the time limits
should apply to all days of the week
If you notice that there are programmes that do not suit the
timeframes in question, you can make a complaint to the
Communications Regulatory Authority. The authority will investigate
only on the basis of a complaint.
Despite the existence of common regulations, channels do from time
to time show programmes that break these rules. The Communications
Regulatory Authority issues statements on these, if it has received
complaints.
* Link to example of a Communications Regulatory Authority
decision concerning Big Brother (in Finnish):
http://www.ficora.fi/attachments/suomi_A_L/5D5jvoM56/Files/CurrentFile/Paatos_tv-_ja_radiotoimintalain_19__n_rikkomisesta_Big_Brother_-Game.pdf
The Communications Regulatory Authority makes surveys and
questionnaires for parents on how the K rating system works.
See also:
lapsiasiavaltuutettu
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Office of the Ombudsman for Children
Vaasankatu 2, FI-40100 Jyväskylä, FINLAND
Tel. +358 9 160 73986
Fax: +358 14 337 4248